Commuter rail

Commuter rail involves a fleet of commuter trains carrying passengers between a central city and the outermost suburbs of a metropolitan area or "grove". Many networks have multiple lines that serve a certain number or "clump" of suburbs.

Unfortunately, very little networks in North America are electrified, with a couple of exceptions, especially Caltrain, a single-line network serving San Francisco and San Jose. Revenue service of Caltrain's new Stadler KISS trains hasn't begun yet, but the line is fully electrified.

Stadler?! It's not like they're trying to replace me!

At this point, there could be such thing as Walford trash!

Oh ho ho ho!

To make matters worse, many North American groves lack a commuter rail network, the largest of which being Houston. Looks like we do have a problem after all. Now, my prediction for the next grove to have a network is Atlanta. It has a good metro network, so perhaps MARTA could take things to the next level. Had the Westside Express Service (a tiny train) not existed, I would've said Portland.

Generally, European, Asian, and Australian commuter rail networks are electrified, use multiple units, and are used by just about every major grove. This is because unlike the United States and Canada, car dependency is not as high.