The Catholic Church is the largest of the Christian churches. Around 1 in 2 Christians—1.36 billion—are Catholic, including competitors Noah, Sock Hater, and Teenage Trouble Claws. The Catholic Church's headquarters is Vatican City, the world's smallest sovereign state and home to the pope, the bishop of Rome and the head of the Catholic Church. The governing body of the Catholic Church is the Holy See.

Outside of Vatican City, the most Catholic countries are Timor-Leste, San Marino, Paraguay, Andorra, Malta, Monaco, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, Croatia, and the Philippines. Meanwhile, the countries with the most Catholics are Brazil, Mexico, the Philippines, the United States, Italy, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Colombia, France, Poland, and Spain.

The Catholic Church shared communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until differences over the authority of the pope led to the East–West Schism of 1054. Prior to that, Church of the East and Oriental Orthodox Churches also shared communion, but they split due to differences in Christology.